MLA Style Parenthetical Citations

Many high school teachers  require students to use MLA format  for their papers.  When a teacher requires a certain style, it means they expect you to follow guidelines for formatting  line spacing, margins, and the  title page  in a specific way. Your teacher may provide a style guide. As you write your paper in MLA format, you will be referencing things you found in your research and will need to indicate exactly where you found the information. As an alternative to  using footnotes (which are common in Chicago format),  this can be done with parenthetical citations. These  are brief  notations that explain where you found your facts. Any time you make reference to someone elses idea, either through paraphrasing or quoting them directly, you must provide this notation. It will include  the author’s name and the page number from their work. Here is an example of parenthetical citation: Even today, many children are born outside the safety of hospitals (Kasserman 182). This indicates that you are using information found in a book by somebody named Kasserman (last name) and it was found on page 182. You may also give the same information in another way if you want to name the author in your sentence. You might want to do this to add variety to your paper: According to Laura Kasserman, â€Å"many children today do not benefit from the sanitary conditions which are available in modern facilities† (182). Many children are born outside the safety of hospitals. Be sure to use quotation marks when quoting someone directly.

Getting Behind the Punch The Knock Out Game Essay

Outside, a middle aged man walks outside from the back entrance after a long day at work. As he moves through the back alley, a swift cracking noise echoes the area. He drops on the ground, instantly going into a state of unconsciousness as cackling and footsteps run away from him. This horrible scenario has been occurring for the past few years in various urban areas to people who seem â€Å"vulnerable.† This â€Å"knock out game† has various methods of operation but for the most part, â€Å"†¦it typically involves either one forceful punch to the head or a more generalized assault to a random individual (typically standing or walking alone) without any warning or provocation, and without any ulterior motive such as theft or retaliation† (Zonfrillo,†¦show more content†¦He was punched by a teenager in the face, and collapsed an alley. The footage of that attack would be used by various media outlets as a link example for the â€Å"knock out gameâ €  occurrence (Fuoco/Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 2013). In an interview with Post-Gazette, Mr. Addlespurger hinted a social problems perspective on his attack by mentioning the lack of legitimate opportunities for the teenagers, â€Å"People need to do things and create things and be more productive. If they can’t, they’ll be destructive and that’s not good. Kids need to have a metaphorical backpack of social skills and how to act responsibly. It concerns me that some kids have no values and nothing to live for.† However, after the 16 year old attacker Dajour Washington was released from serving nine months in juvenile hall for aggravated assault, he claimed, â€Å"[it was] simply an impulse of stupidity, trying to show off for my friends. It was like, ‘Let me knock this guy out, let me hit him,’ basically like showing off to let them know I could fight. I feel guilty and embarrassed, ashamed† (Fuoco/Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 2013). This quote seems suggestive of biological and psychological causes. In particular Dajour’s statement seems to align with Biosocial Arousal Theory. This theory states that â€Å"an individual’s level of arousal works in conjunction with the social environment. Those with low levels of arousal are less likely to learn appropriate ways to deal with aggressionShow MoreRelatedI Will Forgive Vroom !2310 Words   |  10 PagesI Will Forgive Vroom! Vroom! Vroom! Honk! Honk! Honk! Crash! I’ve been reliving that moment in my life. It was a gorgeous morning day out. The sun shining, trees slowly losing leaves. The smell of nature was beautiful. I’m walking out of school and started to talk with my friends. Cars are everywhere. Parking lots full. The cars are louder than a herd of elephants. In a distance, I see my mom’s car. I wave and start running towards her. Here it comes again. Vroom! Vroom! Vroom! 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The Rubber Processing Industry in Ghana Free Essays

Chapter ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Natural gum elastic is an elastomer ( an elastic hydrocarbon polymer ) that was originally derived from latex, a milky colloid produced by some workss. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rubber Processing Industry in Ghana or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( Wiley,2002 ) . Wiley farther provinces that natural gum elastic is used extensively in many applications andproducts, as is man-made gum elastic. Recent research has found that the economic impact of the industrial processing of gum elastic had at the clip of find is, besides an industry that provides occupations and returns on nest eggs, and besides contributed a batch to economic development ( Oluwalana et al 2007 ) . Ghana has non merely achieved sustainable growing and important poorness decrease in the recent old ages, province and establishment edifice has made rapid advancement in the same period. Ghana has become a stable democratic province as demonstrated in a peaceable passage of power in two back-to-back free and just elections in 2000 and 2008. Administration indexs have been steadily bettering over the past old ages and in 2007, Ghana ranked in front of regional norms of Asia, Latin America and Africa in most of import administration indexs, including authorities eff ectivity, regulative quality and control of corruptness ( Kaufmann et al. 2008 ) . The state is ranked among the top 10 African states in footings of freedom of the imperativeness and academic freedom ( Freedom House, 2008 ) . Industrial development has been recognized as one of the surest agencies of guaranting higher and sustained growing rates. Hence African states including Ghana pursued import permutation industrialization in the sixtiess and 1970s. The principle was to travel African economic systems from its agricultural province to modern industrialised economic systems as has been the instance of the East and south-east Asiatic economic systems. Consequently, policies to advance import permutation industrialization were pursued and this led to the constitution of light industries to bring forth goods locally and run behind duty barriers. Like many African states, Ghana’s industrial scheme was meant to cut down economic dependance ; hence, fabricating industries were established to bring forth points that were antecedently imported. Ghana became a success narrative in Africa in the recent old ages. The growing and poorness decrease scheme volume 2 provinces that, after more than 20 old ages of steady economic growing and important poorness decrease, Ghana is taking to go a in-between income state in following 10 old ages. Result of transmutation in many Asiatic states is frequently characterized by a declined portion of agribusiness in GDP and progressively of import function of fabrication in taking growing in the transmutation procedure ( GPRS,2009 ) . Industrialization has enjoyed important good will and virtues of history as the impeling force in the planetary economic sciences of national development. Technology underlines industrialization and the appropriate blend of the two provides the technology substructure for growing and development. Ghana has made important efforts at industrialization, particularly in the immediate post-independen ce epoch through definite programs. The nucleus scheme of the GPRS is to prosecute industrial development through the private sector as the footing of wealth creative activity, growing and poorness decrease ( GPRS, 2009 ) . 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Ghana’s economic system has displayed less transmutation than might be expected for a state that has late achieved middle-income position harmonizing to National Development Planning Commission ( NDPC, 2010 ) . The function that transmutation dramas in the class of development is good understood by both development economic experts and policymakers in the underdeveloped universe. NDPC ( 2010 ) argues further that, transmutation which is a procedure in which labour moves from traditional activities in agribusiness and other primary sectors to modern industry and besides a procedure in which population moves to urban Numberss, making chances for the development of industrial activities and improved public assistance. In Ghana, a important per centum of the working population is employed by the informal sector, The Ministry of Trade and industry ( MTI ) ( 2000 ) cited that, little houses can more propel growing in the economic system than big one time due to their figure and nich es they occupy in the national economic system. In the rural economic development, little graduated table industries and endeavors play a cardinal function in bring forthing income for running of households and financing most activities in the rural countries of the state ( MTI, 2002 ) . With this great impact and part to the economic development of the state, these little graduated table industries are weighed down with a batch of jobs ( Ankomah, 2012 ) . Ankomah in his research further stated that, most of these industries barely grow in the rural economic system to go medium and big graduated table. They still faces challenges such as hapless working status, low engineering, low substructure installations, unequal web, hapless distribution system, low quality merchandise and hapless regulative systems ( MTI, 2002 ) . They face difficult competition from big graduated table industries in the formal sector in marketing their merchandise. Ghana’s Medium Term Development Policy Framework provinces in NDPC ( 2010 ) that, the midterm development program in Ghana is to â€Å"lay the foundation for the structural transmutation of the economic system within the decennary stoping 2020, through industrialisation, particularly fabricating, based on modernised agribusiness, industries and sustainable development of Ghana’s natural resources, peculiarly minerals, oil and gas† ( NDPC 2010 ) . It is against this background that the research seeks to supply adaptable agencies to advance the gum elastic industry for economic development through architectural inventions and progress substructure installations. 1.3 Aim The research objectives seek to ; 1. Measure the gum elastic processing industry in Ghana and place the design considerations in puting up a modern gum elastic processing industry in Apemanyim. 2. Propose a gum elastic processing industry in the territory capital to act upon the socio-economic development and to make employment in the territory capital. 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS The undermentioned research inquiries were used to accomplish the aims of the survey. These include ; What is the current province of the gum elastic industry? What architectural design intercessions can be disposed of in response to the demands of the gum elastic industry in Ghana? 1.5 Scope The range of this research is geared towards the processing of natural gum elastic, and how the industry can be advanced in production engineering and substructure to farther procedure the gum elastic into concluding merchandises and besides to act upon the socio-economic development in the territory capital. It besides focuses on the design principles to setup a reputable gum elastic processing industry. This survey will look out for the needed infinites, machines or equipment and criterions for the constitution of a gum elastic processing industry. A item certification and analysis for locating a gum elastic mill will besides be amalgamated into this thesis as an experimental or presentation undertaking being a foreshadow of how executable the country’s programs of work outing her economic jobs will be best addressed. 1.6 Justification There is an addition in the government’s attempt to accomplish economic growing and poorness decrease in rural and urban countries. Harmonizing to Ghana statistical service ( GSS ) , ( 2000 ) , In their life criterion study, it indicate that approximately 69 % of the Ghanese population is employed in the micro and little endeavor sector with a important figure of them located in the rural countries. The Ministry of trade and industry ( MTI ) ( 2002 ) cited in the ( ADTF ) diary that, the authorities of Ghana has policies for micro and little endeavor. The end of this policy is to make a contributing environment to turn and ease the development of a vibrant, productive and competitory micro and little endeavors sector in the state. The authorities seeks to advance dynamic enterprise civilization for invention, promote employment growing within the informal sector and develop micro and little endeavor to function as a agency to set up linkages between the formal and informal sec tors of the economic system. Besides the policy province to better the engineering based merchandise quality and productiveness of the micro and little endeavor sector and upgrade the application of autochthonal engineerings. Rubber processing is concentrated at Apemanyim as a consequence of the presence of natural stuffs. The GREL processing works is the chief industry into the processing of natural gum elastic in the territory capital. An interview conducted at GREL identified that, 120 people are employed with a production capacity of five metric tons per hr. With deficiency of substructure development and engineering, this gum elastic industry is unable to farther procedure the gum elastic into finish goods therefore its inability to make more employment for the young person and more over to contend the urban market with their merchandise. The part of GREL in the economic systems of the Western, Central and parts of Ashanti parts is tremendous as it presently provides employment for over 6,000 husbandmans through its Rubber Out-grower Scheme. There would be more value added to the gum elastic if it is farther processed into tyres before it is exported to assorted states. 1.7 Restriction The major restriction encountered was the trouble of acquiring some critical information with regard to the inaccessibility of bing mills to be used as local instance surveies and equipment as proficient surveies which are in conformity with gum elastic industry installations. The lone mill available within the state is the gum elastic mill located at Apemanim. However, this mill does non farther procedure the gum elastic into finished goods. 1.8 ORGANISATION OF THE STUDY The survey has been organised under five chief chapters. Chapter One focuses on the general debut to the survey and defines the research job, aims, range and justification. The 2nd chapter reviews literature on the construct and economic sciences of gum elastic production. Chapter Three covers the profile of the survey Region and Districts every bit good as the methodological analysis that has been employed to transport out the survey. The 4th chapter nowadayss an in-depth analysis and presentation of informations. The fifth and concluding chapter covers the major findings and policy deductions of the survey, recommendations and decision. 1.9 Summary The chapter has presented an overview of the whole survey with general issues facing the gum elastic industry. The following chapters will hence, present a critical reappraisal of the organic structure of literature related to the processing of gum elastic. How to cite The Rubber Processing Industry in Ghana, Essay examples

Achieving Quality Outcomes are Important for All Projects

Question: Discuss about the Achieving Quality Outcomes are Important for All Projects . Answer: Introduction The quality of the project is defined by ensuring the needs and requirements of the different deliverables and activities required in a project. All the activities in a project during the implementation, planning, and design phase are required to be implemented in an efficient and effective manner for meeting the objective of the project performance. In order to ensure the quality of the project, quality management plan needed to be implemented for measuring the quality of the project. The assurance of quality in a project has been described as a continuous process during and after the completion of the project. Elassy, (2015, p. 25) explained that the QM aims at satisfying the different stakeholders through the improvement of the process. The different criteria and requirements of the stakeholders describe the quality required. In IT project, the two significant quality perspective is in term of client and the producers. Achieving quality outcomes are important for all projects In this particular study, the project for the development of the "Stock Exchange Monitoring System." The significant aim of the stock exchange development project is to capture, analyze and broadcast the data. The stock exchange application will be able to monitor and exchange the data between the investors and clients. The vital requirement of the stock exchange system is to provide reliable information, high security, platform heterogeneity and information distribution with high reliability. Elias, (2015, p. 752) cited that the achievement of the requirements means a tradeoff between the different priorities within the project. The stakeholders are the persons who are directly or indirectly involved with the development of the project. Jeong, and Jung, (2016, p. 19) illustrated that on this particular project for the design a development of the stock exchange system, the stakeholders are the producer and developer, the client for whom the stock exchange system is being developed. F urthermore, Minelle, (2016, p.26) defined quality as a subjective characteristic of the project that varies in relevant with the project stakeholder. The developed system for the stock exchange provides the information from the external sources through the internet to the independent clients connected through the system. The clients associated with the stock exchange system are distributed throughout the globe and can receive data from the data server directly. Therefore, the developed stock exchange system will be able to show, monitor and exchange the information in a much reliable and efficient manner. Difference in perspective with respect to quality In the project for the development and implementation of the Stock Exchange Monitoring System," the stakeholders had difference perspective of the quality that needed to be achieved during the project implementation. Mane and.Patil. (2015, p.129) have defined the "quality" in the project as the compliance with the project requirements. On the other hand, Drob, (2014, p.28) have described quality as the need that is "fit for use" during the development of the project. Different stakeholders associated with the project have a different perspective on achieving the optimum quality for the developed system. Different views on the quality of the project are: Product-Based Perspective: The client of the stock exchange system focuses on achieving the quality of the system in terms of usability, access of information, security of data, the reliability of information. Sunder (2016, p.27) described that the functional quality of the developed system along with the products characteristic and systems specification are equivalent to the developed system's quality. In most of the cases, the price of the developed product is often misjudged as the high quality of the service or system. In the case of the "Stock Exchange management system," the clients pay a huge amount of financial resources for incorporating various features and component within the system. But if the developed system fails to provide the right information at the right time to the client, the quality of the project will not be met. User-based perspective: The Stock Exchange Monitoring System is developed for the targeted clients and customers scattered all over the world. The customers view of the quality that they would be able to log in to the system and view the stock information and data in real time. Different customers have different needs in terms of usability and functionality of the developed system. The developed system provides the customer with a subscription offer that will acknowledge the customer with the change of feed on a particular stock information. The customer views the quality of the product with the minimum delay in reminding the customer about the real-time change in information. Developers view of quality: The project team and the technician department for the development of the project aim at designing a reliable and flawless stock management system. The stock management system views the quality of the developed system in terms of errorless system, the processing capability of the system, reliability, and security aspect. In addition to that, project team aims at delivering the development project within the allocated resources, provided time and financial budget. Differences with Respect to the Quality of the Project is Outlined in Component 1 As mentioned in component 1, the quality of the IT project is determined at various stages during the implementation. According to Eskerod, and Vaagaasar, (2014, p.71), in the delivery stage, the quality of the project is judged during the delivery stage and the post-delivery stage. The significant objective for determining the quality of the project in term of cost and time. The quality of the project is determined by the right process conducted during the delivery stage of the project. The quality of the project is evaluated based on the organizational benefits the criteria of quality is accessed in terms of meeting the objective, goal and measuring the effectiveness of the developed system (Gnan et al., 2013, p. 85). On the other hand, in the case of "Stock Exchange Monitoring System," the quality of the product is judged and viewed in respect of the required efficiency of the developed stock exchange system. On a contrary of quality as observed in component 1, the quality criteri a of the stock exchange system were not viewed with the organizational benefits. In the component 1, during the post-delivery stage of the project, the team members, clients, and other stakeholders demonstrate the quality criteria for the IT project. The success and quality of the project are judged trough the satisfaction and benefits of the stakeholders and success of the developed system (Eriksson et al., 2015, p.322). The implementation of the IT project will have determined with the user satisfaction, system quality, use of information, impact of individual, and information quality. Similarly, on the development of the "Stock Exchange Monitoring System," the quality is accessed and judged in terms of quality, information and accessibility of the system for achieving the optimum quality. The post-delivery stage in the project the quality is viewed by getting the objective right for gaining the organizational and stakeholders aspect. Methods of describing quality criteria The quality criteria of any project depends on three factors primarily: the perspective of the users, the objective of the developing the project itself and the process itself. The project quality criteria are considered as subject criteria in those specific cases in which the project quality can be scored by the individual users, based on their experience, views, and backgrounds (Boubaker, Djebabra, Saadi, 2014, p.335). Thus, it can be said that one of the most important methods for describing the quality criteria of any project is to rely on the requirements of the client and their background. On the other hand, the quality of the information available from the Stock Exchange Monitoring System under consideration can only be assessed by analyzing and evaluating the information in consideration (Martin et al., 2016, p.59). Thus, the method for determining the quality of the information is nothing but the analysis of the same. Finally, the efficiency, completeness and ease of the process of obtaining information from the Stock Exchange Monitoring System should be considered as yet another quality criteria of the entire project (Valls et al., p. 269). Thus, the scoring of the Stock Exchange Monitoring System n system itself should be considered as the final method of identifying the quality criteria of the project. The following table provides a list of the various methods that can be utilized for identifying the quality criteria of the project under consideration: Sl. No Quality Criteria Assessment method 1 Believability Experience of the user 2 Concise representation Experience of the user 3 Interpretability Experience of the user 4 Quality Criterion Experience of the user 5 Relevancy Experience of the user 6 Completeness of information Analysis of information 7 Relevance of information Analysis of information 8. Efficiency Stock Exchange Monitoring System Scoring of the Stock Exchange Monitoring System Management Plan The following processes must be utilized be for achieving the quality of the project, as and when the same progresses: Clarification of the vision, mission, and goals of the project: The identification of the aim and objectives of the project, along with the vision mission and goals of the same is essential for the identification of the criteria that would be utilized for determining the level of quality of the project. Identification of the success factors: The critical factors for determining the quality of the project would be identified in the second stage of the quality assurance process. Developing metrics for tracking the data associated with the critical success factors: The metrics for assessing the data associated with the critical success factors of the project require to be developed and put into use. Identification of the primary stakeholders associated with the project: The identification of the primary stakeholders of the project is yet another essential step of the quality management process; the same facilitates the process of identifying perspectives from which the quality of the project activities would be measured (Elias, 2016, p.752). Develop quality survey tool: The survey tool to be utilized for determining the quality levels of the project should be developed and utilized for enhancing the efficiency of the quality management process. Developing the improvement plan: Developing the quality improvement plan is the last activity associated with the quality management process. Possible impact on the project The quality management plan in the project helps in identifying the various requirement of the different stakeholder involved in the project. Moreover, the application quality management help in identifying the various requirements and characteristic of the project. Furthermore, the process helps in identification of the different quality characteristic revised for the project. In addition to that, the process of quality management helps the project manager to ensure the project developed and conducted meets the requirement and quality needs of the project. Moreover, the quality assurance process determined the impact of quality in meeting the requirement of the undertaken project (Boesso, Kumar, 2016, p.830). In addition to that, the application of the quality management process helps in determining the metrics for ensuring the cost, time and scope of the project while maintaining the quality as identified in the process. Apart from that, the application of the project quality assu rance helps in identifying the requirements and distribute the task to the different people for obtaining the project goals (Gnan et al., 2013, p. 85). Moreover, the monitoring and maintaining of the project scope and deliverables are made easier with the quality assurance plan. Conclusion The success or failure of the project is determined by the achievement of the project goal and requirement. The different view of the project stakeholders varies in respect to obtaining the required quality for the undertaken project. The difference of views between the stakeholder forms two major quality gaps between the view of the customer and the view of the developer for gaining the required quality of the project. Moreover, for gaining the efficient quality of the project, the project manager needs to incorporate the quality criteria of all the stakeholders for gaining optimum quality through the quality assurance and performance within the project. In addition to that, the continuing improvement in the quality of the project helps in improving the satisfaction of the stakeholders involved in the project. References Boesso, G., Kumar, K. (2016). Examining the association between stakeholder culture, stakeholder salience and stakeholder engagement activities: An empirical study. Management Decision, 54(4), 815-831. doi:10.1108/MD-06-2015-0245 Boubaker, L., Djebabra, M., Saadi, S. (2014). The contribution of stakeholder theory in the management of environmental quality of algerian firms: Case study of the SONATRACH group, algeria. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 25(3), 335-351. doi:10.1108/MEQ-01-2013-0003 Drob, C. (2014). overview about project quality management. Studies and Scientific Researches: Economics Edition, (18) Elassy, N. (2015). The concepts of quality, quality assurance and quality enhancement. Quality Assurance In Education, 23(3), 250-261. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-11-2012-0046 Elias, A. (2015). Analysing the stakes of stakeholders in research and development project management: a systems approach. RD Management, 46(4), 749-760. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/radm.12122 Elias, A. A. (2016). Analysing the stakes of stakeholders in research and development project management: A systems approach. RD Management, 46(4), 749-760. doi:10.1111/radm.12122 Eriksson, J., Glad, W., Johansson, M., Linkpings universitet, Tema teknik och social frndring, Institutionen fr tema, Filosofiska fakulteten. (2015). User involvement in swedish residential building projects: A stakeholder perspective. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 30(2), 313-329. doi:10.1007/s10901-014-9412-7 Eskerod, P., Vaagaasar, A. L. (2014). Stakeholder management strategies and practices during a project course. Project Management Journal, 45(5), 71-85. doi:10.1002/pmj.21447 Gnan, L., Hinna, A., Monteduro, F., Scarozza, D. (2013). Corporate governance and management practices: Stakeholder involvement, quality and sustainability tools adoption: Evidences in local public utilities. Journal of Management Governance, 17(4), 907-937. doi:10.1007/s10997-011-9201-6 Jeong, M. Jung, Y. (2016). A Case Study of Asphalt Pavement Construction Quality Assurance Using the Quality Related Specification Software. Journal Of Construction Engineering And Project Management, 6(3), 14-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.6106/jcepm.2016.6.3.014 Martin, N., Evans, M., Rice, J., Lodhia, S., Gibbons, P. (2016). Using offsets to mitigate environmental impacts of major projects: A stakeholder analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 179, 58-65. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.054 Minelle, F. (2016). In Biblioteca. A practical guide to dealing with difficult stakeholders. PROJECT MANAGER (IL), (26). https://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pm2016-026012 P.P.Mane, J.R.Patil. (2015). Quality management system at construction project: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 5(3), 126-130. Sunder M, V. (2016). Lean six sigma project management a stakeholder management perspective.The TQM Journal, 28(1), 132-150. doi:10.1108/TQM-09-2014-0070 Valls, P., Jakesov, L., Valls, M., Galiana, F. (2012). Sustainability of mediterranean spanish forest management through stakeholder views. European Countryside, 4(4), 269. doi:10.2478/v10091-012-0028-1